On Saturday a digital clock in Juba counted the last minutes to the birth of the newest country in the world. The Republic of South Sudan
celebrated all night its secession from Sudan with flying flags, dancing people and honks. This was a result of a long struggle, a civil war which lasted for five decades, hundreds of thousands of dead, millions of displaced people, lots of tears and pain. And a peaceful referendum in the end. That was possible thanks to the efforts of the international community. Eventually Sudan had to accept the will of the South Sudanese, and their choice was almost unanimous - nearly 99% voted "Yes" on the referendum.
So what now? OK, the most immediate needs of the new country may be the new passports, post stamps,
a national currency, anthem, an internet domain, phone code and a flag... It actually
got its flag already. Oh, and of course its own soccer team. In fact the first official international match of South Sudan was played in Juba against a Kenyan club, Tusker. And though the visitors won 3-1, it didn't spoil the party of the enthusiastic crowd.
So far so good. The way the whole process happened may serve as a lesson. The South seceded thanks to a popular referendum, which was closely observed by the international community. For decades the largest African country was torn by religious and ethnic conflicts, because the population in the North is Arab and Muslim, and that in the South is Nilotic (black) and mainly animist and/or Christian.
The independence of the oil-rich South Sudan from the central power in Khartoum was paid for with blood and tears - 1.5 million victims of the longest war in Africa. The referendum naturally followed the course of events which started in 2005 with the peace treaty that put an end to the bloody civil clash and defined the southern part as an autonomous entity.
In case you are still wondering where the hell South Sudan is (and in case you care somewhat), here:
( How did this happen and what's next )